ᐅ Basement Waterproofing, Unusual Layout

Hello, since my basement is damp, it needs to be waterproofed. Because the moisture is coming from the street and I cannot connect a drainage system, I am considering allowing the water to infiltrate much further away from the house through gravel, since the area directly next to the house is sealed. (Between the bitumen and the soil, there is an additional 8cm XPS insulation (3 inches)).

Does this approach make sense?

If you apply waterproofing according to DIN 18195-6, you do not need drainage or gravel in front of the house. It is important, however, that you are not also dealing with rising damp, because in that case you will need an additional horizontal barrier at the lower section; otherwise, your wall will not dry properly.

So would the gravel not improve water drainage around the house? I was planning to apply a horizontal damp-proof course from the inside using water glass...

You actually do need it, but not if you have proper waterproofing. If you can’t install drainage, then the gravel strip won’t be very effective, as water will accumulate in the gravel.

Ok, I thought the water would collect at the bottom and drain below the foundation. I dug today and found: sand on top (good) and clay (waterproof). Everything will be removed and only the sand put back in...
Is a horizontal barrier with water glass okay, or should I buy expensive specialized products?

One last question: There are two masonry light wells attached. Great thermal bridge 😕. Should I treat them as well (brushing + primer + cement plaster P3 + bitumen + thermal insulation + dimpled membrane) or is that pointless? I am insulating against the surrounding soil (heat + moisture). Insulating against the air is a bit more complicated: I would have to replace the concrete slab on the light well with a heat-resistant thermal insulation board (e.g., foam glass because of asphalt) and insulate the light well from the inside (where the white polystyrene would reflect the light better). Another light well is not an option due to various complexities...
The electrical box is, of course, gone: