ᐅ Insulating Basement Walls from the Inside Using Panels

One basement room with three exterior walls and one wall adjoining other basement rooms is intended to be used as a workshop.
One exterior wall is against the soil, and the other two are exposed.
I want to insulate and cover the exterior walls from the inside, meaning 4 cm (1.5 inches) thick battens attached to the wall, insulation in between, and OSB boards as the final layer.
What kind of insulation should I use?
Should I install a vapor barrier between the insulation and the OSB?

Or is this approach completely wrong?
So many questions...

Thanks and best regards

Is there already insulation on the exterior walls? (Perimeter insulation / XPS / EPS / “Styrofoam” boards)
If not, meaning only a protective coating against moisture, you would shift the dew point, but in my opinion this is negligible for a concrete basement.

For a masonry basement, it depends on the type of brick and possibly the further wall construction.

I would still only use moisture-resistant material for interior insulation. Additionally, the basement should then be kept at least slightly heated and ventilated on a permanent basis.

The points described above are based solely on my personal experience, so just a layman’s opinion!
Incorrect insulation usually leads to major building damage (mold, etc.), so it’s better to consult experts who can provide knowledge, not just opinions. ;-)

Our basement is insulated both inside and outside with aluminum foil-faced insulation material, followed by battens, additional polystyrene insulation in between, and then drywall.