ᐅ Is it still worthwhile to install a solar thermal system when you already have an air-to-water heat pump and photovoltaic panels?

Created on: 16 Dec 2019 13:08
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ludwig88sta
Hello everyone,

We are planning to install a photovoltaic system on the fully south-facing pitched roof of our planned house. Since we also want underfloor heating, an air-to-water heat pump is currently our preferred heating option.

I have read here in the forum that with an air-to-water heat pump, a solar thermal system— which heats water using solar energy—would be unnecessary. In other words, on sunny days, the air-to-water heat pump powered by photovoltaic electricity heats the water more efficiently and cost-effectively, right?

Is this still the current understanding as of 2019, so that with a photovoltaic system plus an air-to-water heat pump, the roof is covered only with photovoltaic panels instead of leaving space for a solar thermal system? How did you approach this?

Thanks in advance and have a great start to the week,
ludwig88sta

P.S.: Side question: if you plan a photovoltaic system on the entire south-facing roof, what type of roof tiles do you use? Naturally, as affordable as possible. What do you think about photovoltaic roof tiles (tiles with integrated photovoltaic modules)? Probably more expensive than installing regular photovoltaic panels on a tiled roof, right?
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Lumpi_LE
17 Dec 2019 19:23
It is possible, but it is more common to use a heat pump for both purposes.
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ludwig88sta
17 Dec 2019 19:29
Basically, the same air-to-water heat pump operates both systems in two separate circuits / water tanks:
1) for underfloor heating at 30°C (86°F)
2) for domestic hot water at 60°C (140°F)

Ideally, both are powered during the day by photovoltaic electricity from the roof.
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boxandroof
17 Dec 2019 19:34
Exactly, it switches between the circuits using a valve.
For showering, about 40°C (104°F) is sufficient. My heat pump can reach up to 55°C (131°F), but that becomes inefficient. It is sensible to keep lower temperatures in the storage tank, up to about 50°C (122°F), and to use the water regularly: the tank should not be too large and should be sized according to individual consumption.
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ludwig88sta
17 Dec 2019 19:35
I was thinking about 60°C (140°F) because of legionella. But for showering, we don’t really need that high. 40°C (104°F) is usually enough. However, the risk in a single-family house is generally quite low, right?
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boxandroof
17 Dec 2019 19:46
a) low temperatures, appropriately sized hot water storage tank with regular consumption
b) high storage temperatures or regular legionella control program
c) instantaneous water heater

In a single-family home, the risk does not seem very high, but legionella bacteria multiply at temperatures below 50°/55°C (122°/131°F).
You have to decide for yourself.
ares8317 Dec 2019 19:58
To avoid constantly heating the water inefficiently to 60°C (140°F), many heat pumps offer a Legionella program that can be run, for example, once a week. For the rest of the time, the temperature is typically set to around 45°C (113°F).