I have read several times that heat pumps are favored by the Energy Saving Ordinance, but I have never seen any specific details. Could someone please explain how exactly this preference is applied?
There have been no direct subsidies for them for quite some time, so that can’t be what is meant.
There have been no direct subsidies for them for quite some time, so that can’t be what is meant.
N
nordanney18 Nov 2014 19:53“Preferred” in the sense that a heat pump performs well as a heating system on the energy certificate (and also has low consumption). This is not directly reflected in euros.
nordanney schrieb:
"Preferred" in the sense that a heat pump appears favorable as a heating system on the energy performance certificateOkay, and how exactly does that work? If I understand correctly, the energy certificate calculates the final energy demand based on factors like the walls and so on, and then this figure is multiplied by a factor depending on the heating system to determine the primary energy demand. This primary energy demand then decides whether construction is permitted and which KfW subsidies you qualify for.
Or am I mistaken somewhere?
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nordanney18 Nov 2014 19:59No idea, I’m just a "simple" homeowner. The experts can explain the exact calculations to you better.
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DerBjoern19 Nov 2014 08:50Yes, exactly, this is determined by the primary energy factor.
Heating oil 1.1
Natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas 1.1
Hard coal 1.1
Lignite 1.2
Wood 0.2
Electricity 2.4
A heat pump is powered by electricity. Although electricity has a high primary energy factor, a heat pump does not convert electricity to heat energy on a 1-to-1 basis. Instead, it operates with a factor depending on the COP (Coefficient of Performance) or annual performance factor, which in turn depends on the type of heat pump. For example, let’s consider an air-source heat pump that works with a factor of 3. It would theoretically produce 3 kWh of heat energy from 1 kWh of electricity. Conversely, 1 kWh of heat energy requires 0.333 kWh of electricity. Multiplying this by the primary energy factor results in 0.333 kWh * 2.4 = 0.8 kWh of primary energy.
For heating oil or gas, 1 kWh of heat energy * 1.1 = 1.1 kWh of primary energy.
This is how it is possible that a house with the same insulation needs less primary energy than another house.
However, the primary energy value does not indicate the costs that one has to bear personally. In this case, for a heat pump, at an electricity price of 22 cents per kWh, the cost per kWh of heat energy would be (0.333 kWh * 0.22) = 7.3 cents. For natural gas at a price of 6 cents per kWh, the cost would be 1 kWh * 6 cents = 6 cents. (Of course, one also has to consider the efficiency of the gas heating system, which I have simplified and omitted here.)
Since energy saving regulations require compliance not only with a value for insulation (Ht) but also for primary energy demand (Qp), heat pumps are favored in this regard. Your primary energy demand is calculated by multiplying your heat demand with the primary energy factor, which is determined by your heating system technology.
The heat demand depends on your insulation (Ht) in relation to the building size and ventilation losses.
Heating oil 1.1
Natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas 1.1
Hard coal 1.1
Lignite 1.2
Wood 0.2
Electricity 2.4
A heat pump is powered by electricity. Although electricity has a high primary energy factor, a heat pump does not convert electricity to heat energy on a 1-to-1 basis. Instead, it operates with a factor depending on the COP (Coefficient of Performance) or annual performance factor, which in turn depends on the type of heat pump. For example, let’s consider an air-source heat pump that works with a factor of 3. It would theoretically produce 3 kWh of heat energy from 1 kWh of electricity. Conversely, 1 kWh of heat energy requires 0.333 kWh of electricity. Multiplying this by the primary energy factor results in 0.333 kWh * 2.4 = 0.8 kWh of primary energy.
For heating oil or gas, 1 kWh of heat energy * 1.1 = 1.1 kWh of primary energy.
This is how it is possible that a house with the same insulation needs less primary energy than another house.
However, the primary energy value does not indicate the costs that one has to bear personally. In this case, for a heat pump, at an electricity price of 22 cents per kWh, the cost per kWh of heat energy would be (0.333 kWh * 0.22) = 7.3 cents. For natural gas at a price of 6 cents per kWh, the cost would be 1 kWh * 6 cents = 6 cents. (Of course, one also has to consider the efficiency of the gas heating system, which I have simplified and omitted here.)
Since energy saving regulations require compliance not only with a value for insulation (Ht) but also for primary energy demand (Qp), heat pumps are favored in this regard. Your primary energy demand is calculated by multiplying your heat demand with the primary energy factor, which is determined by your heating system technology.
The heat demand depends on your insulation (Ht) in relation to the building size and ventilation losses.
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